of the Atom
Quarks
are the fundamental particles of the universe. . .
A-mass
number
Z-proton number
N-neutron number
Mass Number is not Atomic Mass
Mass Number is the number of Nucleons in the Nucleus
Atomic Mass is an average of the masses of isotpoes in nature.
Z-proton number
N-neutron number
Mass Number is not Atomic Mass
Mass Number is the number of Nucleons in the Nucleus
Atomic Mass is an average of the masses of isotpoes in nature.
The
Strong Nuclear Force. . .
is with you
The Volume Effect - The nuclear force is due only to a few nearest neighbors. On the average the binding energy is the same in all nuclei.
The Surface Effect - Nucleons on the surface have fewer neighbors than those inside. Surface nucleons reduce the binding energy.
The Coulomb Repulsion Effect - Each proton repels every other proton in the nucleus. This is a reduction in the binding energy.
The Symmetry Effect - Lowers the binding energy. Any large assymmetry between N and Z for light nuclei reduces the binding energy.
Radiation
and Radioactivity
Small particles
E-M waves
Madame Curie
beta
gamma
Radioactive
Decay Law
hmm. . .
Nuclear Science Glossary
ABC's of Nuclear Science
HyperPhysics-Nuclear Science
Nuclear Education
RadioIsotopes (Berkeley)
Stanford
Marie Curie I, II
Radioactivity Decay Calculator
TimeLine of Nuclear History
The Law of Radioactivity
Simulations
Carbon-14 Dating I, II, III
Radiation Detectors
Carbon-14 Radioactive Dating
