H
Geometric Optics
H
   
Reflection of Light from Mirrors
           
                             
        Mirrors are
always a wonder		    
        Light always reflects off a surface as shown below (Specular Reflection). Some surfaces are not smooth so the light will bounce off in all directions (Diffuse Reflection).    
                             
     
                             
   
Mechanical Universe
Multiple Images I, II, III,
         
 
 
 
Reflection from a Concave Surface, outside Focal Point
Reflection from a Concave Surface, inside Focal Point
Reflection from a Convex Surface
   
Summary
         
  How can I remember all this?  
         
Refraction

Light will bend when traveling from one medium to another.

Light seems to travel slower in solid matter.


  
 

 
   When light travels from one medium to another, the frequency f of the wave does not change. The number of waves arriving per unit time must equal the number leaving per unit time.

 
 
Refraction thru a Convex Lens
       
A Diverging Lens
 
       
       
Summary of Lens Examples
       
A GravitationalLens